I.
It’s a hell of a thing when we live in a world where we have
to erect fences to keep the vegetables safe from....I'm not sure who.This was among
my initial thoughts as I pulled up to the urban garden that had been built on
the site that used to be occupied by the Robert Taylor Homes. I toured the site
along with my grad school classmates, and I’d been looking forward to the visit
as I’ve also occasionally taught a lot of the concepts of urban gardening to my
students. The reasons that many (myself
included, from time to time) have advocated for urban farming – gardening,
really – are numerous. You have possibly heard of many of them. They’ll
include:
- City people (especially the little kids) don’t know where their food comes from, and this is wrong.…
- There’s going to be something like 9 billion people on Earth by 2050, and we’ll need more food to feed them. Urban gardens will help feed them..
- Many people have crappy diets, and they eat a lot of junk food. The concerns are that this will lead these folks to serious health problems in their future. “Urban” gardens will also help to mitigate this issue. (I’m left wondering what sort of gardens will develop in rural areas – where the diets are often equally crappy, yet land for growing veggies is all over the place)….
- We need to develop local food networks in order reduce the need and costs associated with shipping food all over the place – and to facilitate the previous points. I guess there is some logic to this, as cities are certainly where all the people are….
- Urban gardens – as a practice – will foster a new generation of urban farm businesses that will grow food that people want. They will also provide jobs to people in areas where employment options are often very thin….
- Because there are these things called food deserts in the poorer parts of our cities. (Again, I’m left wondering what sort of food options will develop in rural areas – where grocery stores are often spread out across vast distances too. At least there is lots of vacant land if someone wants to build one)….
- Oh, and, many of these above listed goals must be sustainable over the long haul….
- Lastly, and most importantly, (in my mind anyway) is that urban gardens have the potential to get food into the hands of low income people that could really use it….
I’d arrived with a hopeful and positive outlook on what I
was going to see and learn, but when I drove away my thoughts were far
more mixed.
II.
The gardens we toured are managed by the Chicago Botanic
Gardens, as part of their Windy City Harvest program. This particular site – it should be pointed
out – is not open to just anyone who walks in.
The raised bed gardens are tended by those who have completed their
training program first. Afterwards, these graduates are then allocated space to
grow crops for a two year period. Many
use this facility as a sort of business incubator, providing food and floral
crops for farmers markets and the like. I pray that I’m wrong, but my sense was
that the people tending the beds that day were from everywhere but the adjacent
neighborhoods.
This property was once the site of the Robert Taylor Homes,
and is now, according to our hosts, leased for 100 years by a developer. These gardens were safe for anther few years, but the issue of property ownership is one of the
uncomfortable realities of many community gardens. They'll often exist only as
long as there is a benevolent land owner that lets them scratch around the soil until they can sort out what to do with the site.
The way these gardens were constructed was a model of
impermanence. All the planting beds were
raised, built over the existing grade – the remnants of demolished housing
towers. The hoop houses, the requisite compost
bins, and tool shed could all be dismantled, hauled off, or bulldozed in a day
by a competent contractor. The garden
operation will be sustainable until someone wants build a shopping center,or townhouses, and
then that will be that. One can only hope the development will have a grocery store where people can buy some food.
III.
On of the admirable goals of this operation was the plan to
deliver crops to those in the city who get assistance to buy food. Residents could obtain vouchers to exchange
for produce sold at local farmers markets. We were told that, unfortunately,
this program was under-utilized for what sounded like a number of bureaucratic
structural reasons. Also, it seemed that simply getting to a farmers market
isn’t as easy as one might hope. Inspired,
I asked why people couldn’t simply exchange vouchers for produce directly from that facility. I later realized that much of what was grown
there was said to be delivered and sold at farmers markets in tonier locales such
as Hyde Park, Rogers Park, and so on.
During the course of our visit there was an implication that
there was tension between the gardens and the neighbors. Hard to imagine why
there would be resentment when a bunch of high minded outsiders come into town
and get to garden in lovely plots (built for them for free) all of it protected
by a substantial chain link fence. During the tour, I picked up that one of the garden
businesses was named “garden anarchy” – or such like. Yeah! Stick it to the
man! How easy it is to proclaim anarchism (over craft beer, I’m betting) when
the whole shebang is subsidized by the largesse of a developer and wealthy donors.
Heaven forbid that a real anarchist should take a pair of bolt cutters to that fence.
IV.
Okay, so maybe it’s me who has the problem. And, okay, maybe all of our goals (see Part
I) aren’t exactly being met – but isn’t that still better than doing
nothing? How can I complain about a
garden rising from the ashes of a failed housing project? Aren't the people working there trying to make a difference? Am I a
little jealous that I’m not a self-proclaimed garden anarchist?
I recall once reading about how urban gardens facilitate gentrification. When I’ve mentioned this to colleagues I’ve gotten either
hostile or muddled responses. However,
when I see stories like this – this connection may not be all that imaginary. I
can understand why local residents might view the sight of hipsters tending beds of kale as a
harbinger of hard times ahead.
Taking all of these things together, I’m just not sure what
the purpose of these urban gardens is. I don’t think they are the most effective long
term solution to the very real problems of food and hunger in the world. Perhaps they are best at getting people
out, in the sun, and talking to one another. During our tour, everyone seemed
happy to be there. The summer vegetables were fat and gleaming. Freshly
harvested carrots, too stunted for sale, were washed and shared among the
visitors. A Red-tailed hawk, swooped and perched for his audience on a nearby
power pole. On such a lovely day, inside the fence, the optimism was real, and
the gardens were lovely.
